Jodinsaannin

Jodinsaannin is the Finnish term used to describe iodine intake and, more broadly, the iodine status of an individual or population. It covers the amount of iodine consumed through food, drink, and supplements and its adequacy relative to physiological needs. Iodine is an essential micronutrient required for the synthesis of thyroid hormones, thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3). These hormones regulate metabolism and play a critical role in growth and development, particularly of the brain during fetal life and early childhood.

Inadequate jodinsaannin can lead to goiter and hypothyroidism; when it occurs during pregnancy or early childhood, it can impair neurodevelopment and cognitive outcomes. Excess iodine intake can also disrupt thyroid function in susceptible individuals, potentially causing thyroiditis or hyperthyroidism. Therefore, maintaining appropriate iodine intake is a balance between avoiding deficiency and avoiding excess.

Assessment of jodinsaannin relies on biomarkers such as urinary iodine concentration (UIC), with population status typically summarized by the median UIC in representative groups. Dietary surveys, food-based iodine content data, and supplementation use are also considered in public health assessments. Guidelines issued by health authorities define target ranges for adequate status, which vary by age and life stage, with higher needs during pregnancy.

Common dietary sources include iodized salt, seafood, dairy products, eggs, and some grain products. Public health strategies to improve jodinsaannin focus on universal salt iodization, fortification of foods, and ongoing surveillance of iodine status to prevent deficiency disorders and maintain thyroid health.