Jeladósejt

Jeladósejt, or sensory cell, is a specialized type of cell found in various biological organisms that plays a crucial role in detecting and responding to external stimuli. These cells are essential components of sensory systems, enabling organisms to perceive their environment through senses such as vision, hearing, touch, taste, and smell.

In humans and other animals, sensory cells are typically organized into sensory organs, such as the eyes, ears, skin, tongue, and nose. For example, photoreceptor cells in the retina of the eye detect light, while mechanoreceptors in the inner ear are responsible for hearing and balance. Similarly, taste buds on the tongue contain gustatory cells that respond to chemical stimuli in food and beverages.

Sensory cells function by converting physical or chemical stimuli into electrical signals, a process known as transduction. This signal is then transmitted to the nervous system via sensory neurons, where it is interpreted as sensory perception. The structure of sensory cells varies depending on their specific function. Some, like rod and cone cells in the retina, contain specialized pigments that react to light, while others, such as olfactory receptor neurons in the nose, bind to specific odorant molecules.

In plants, sensory cells are involved in detecting environmental cues such as light, gravity, and touch. For instance, phototropism—the growth of plants toward light—is mediated by photoreceptor proteins in plant cells. Similarly, gravitropism, or the response to gravity, is regulated by statocytes, a type of sensory cell found in plant roots and shoots.

The study of sensory cells is a key area of research in neuroscience, physiology, and plant biology. Advances in this field have led to a better understanding of how organisms perceive and respond to their surroundings, as well as the development of new technologies for sensory enhancement and medical applications.