Javítómechanizmusai

Javítómechanizmusai refers to the repair mechanisms within biological systems. These are a suite of molecular processes that organisms employ to maintain the integrity of their genetic material and cellular structures. The most well-studied are DNA repair pathways, which are crucial for preventing mutations that can lead to diseases like cancer.

Several types of DNA repair mechanisms exist, each addressing different types of DNA damage. Base excision repair (BER) corrects small defects in individual bases, such as oxidation or deamination. Nucleotide excision repair (NER) handles bulky lesions that distort the DNA helix, like those caused by UV radiation. Mismatch repair (MMR) fixes errors that occur during DNA replication. Double-strand break repair mechanisms, such as non-homologous end joining (NHEJ) and homologous recombination (HR), are vital for repairing breaks in both strands of the DNA molecule.

Beyond DNA, cells also possess mechanisms for repairing damaged proteins and organelles. Chaperone proteins assist in refolding misfolded proteins, preventing their aggregation and loss of function. The ubiquitin-proteasome system targets damaged or misfolded proteins for degradation. Autophagy is a process where cells degrade and recycle their own damaged components, including organelles, thereby maintaining cellular health and homeostasis. These repair systems are fundamental to survival and are conserved across a wide range of organisms.