Jarðolía

Jarðolía, also known as petroleum or crude oil, is a naturally occurring, yellowish-black liquid found in geological formations beneath the Earth's surface. It is a fossil fuel formed over millions of years from the remains of ancient organisms, primarily plankton and algae, that were buried and subjected to immense heat and pressure. Jarðolía is a complex mixture of hydrocarbons, varying in composition depending on its origin.

The extraction of jarðolía typically involves drilling wells into underground reservoirs. Once brought to the surface, it is transported to refineries, where it undergoes a process called fractional distillation. This process separates the crude oil into various components based on their boiling points, yielding a wide range of products. These products include gasoline, diesel fuel, jet fuel, kerosene, heating oil, and lubricants. Additionally, jarðolía is a crucial feedstock for the petrochemical industry, providing the raw materials for plastics, synthetic fibers, fertilizers, pharmaceuticals, and countless other everyday items.

While jarðolía has been a cornerstone of global energy production and industrial development for over a century, its combustion releases greenhouse gases, contributing to climate change. Consequently, there is an ongoing global effort to transition towards more sustainable and renewable energy sources.