Isopreen

Isoprene, also known as 2-methyl-1,3-butadiene, is a volatile organic compound with the chemical formula C5H8. It is a colorless liquid at room temperature and is highly flammable. Isoprene is a key building block in nature, particularly for terpenes and terpenoids, which are a diverse class of organic compounds found in plants and animals.

In biological systems, isoprene is primarily produced by plants. It is released into the atmosphere in large quantities, playing a significant role in atmospheric chemistry. The emission of isoprene from vegetation is a major source of volatile organic compounds in the lower atmosphere. In the atmosphere, isoprene can undergo photochemical reactions, contributing to the formation of ozone and secondary organic aerosols.

Humans also produce small amounts of isoprene, which is found in exhaled breath. Industrially, isoprene is synthesized and used as a monomer in the production of synthetic rubber, most notably polyisoprene, which is chemically identical to natural rubber. It is also used in the production of certain adhesives, coatings, and other specialty chemicals. The synthesis of isoprene can be achieved through various chemical processes, often starting from petroleum-derived feedstocks. Its reactivity makes it a valuable intermediate in organic synthesis.