Ismliyya

The Ismiliyya, also known as the Ismailis, is a branch of Shia Islam that emerged in the early Islamic period. It traces its origins to a dissenting group within the broader Shiite community that believed in a specific lineage of Imams descended from Ali ibn Abi Talib and Fatima, the daughter of Prophet Muhammad. The Ismiliyya distinguish themselves through their doctrinal emphasis on the leadership of the Imam as a divine guide, with a particular focus on the Imamate’s spiritual and esoteric dimensions.

Historically, the Ismiliyya split from other Shia groups during the early Abbasid period, over disputes concerning the rightful successor to the sixth Imam, Jafar al-Sadiq. The Ismailis recognize Isma'il ibn Jafar as the appointed seventh Imam, whereas other Shia groups, such as the Twelvers, recognize his brother Musa al-Kadhim. This divergence led to a distinct theological and organizational development.

The most notable historical event for the Ismiliyya was the establishment of the Fatimid Caliphate in North Africa in the 10th century, which claimed spiritual authority and political sovereignty. The Fatimid dynasty played a significant role in Islamic history, promoting arts, science, and religious scholarship. Today, the Ismailis are a global community with diverse groups, the largest of which are the Nizari Ismailis, led historically by the Aga Khan. They are known for their emphasis on community service, education, and interdisciplinary engagement.

Although maintaining a secretive and hierarchical religious structure, the Ismiliyya continue to influence Islamic thought and culture. Their beliefs emphasize the esoteric interpretation of scriptures and the importance of guided spiritual understanding.