Ionivahetusgrupid

Ionivahetusgrupid are functional groups containing ionizable atoms or molecules that are attached to a larger molecule, typically a polymer resin. These groups are responsible for the ion-exchange properties of the material. The most common ion-exchange groups are acidic or basic. Acidic ion-exchange groups typically contain a dissociable proton, such as sulfonic acid (-SO3H) or carboxylic acid (-COOH). When these groups are exposed to a solution, they can release their protons and attract cations from the solution. Basic ion-exchange groups typically contain a nitrogen atom that can accept a proton, such as a tertiary amine (-NR2) or quaternary ammonium (-NR3+) group. These groups can attract anions from the solution. The type and concentration of ion-exchange groups on a resin determine its capacity and selectivity for different ions. Ion-exchange resins with specific ion-exchange groups are used in a wide range of applications, including water purification, chemical separation, and chromatography. The ability of these groups to reversibly bind and release ions is crucial for these processes.