Intravenásan

Intravenásan, or intravenous administration, is the practice of delivering fluids, medications, or nutrients directly into a vein. This route allows rapid systemic distribution and is a standard method in clinical care for hydration, drug delivery, anesthesia, blood transfusion, and parenteral nutrition. It can be performed as a single bolus injection or as ongoing infusion.

Access is achieved through peripheral veins or central venous routes. Peripheral IV lines use small cannulas placed in the arm or hand; central access includes peripherally inserted central catheters (PICCs), subclavian or internal jugular catheters, and implanted ports. Equipment includes sterile catheters, extension sets, infusion pumps, and appropriate IV solutions.

The procedure requires aseptic technique, vein assessment, and careful cannulation. After securing the line, fluids or medications are delivered via gravity or an infusion pump. Dosing and rate are adjusted for the patient’s condition, and the line is routinely inspected for patency, infection risk, and signs of infiltration or extravasation.

Common IV solutions include isotonic saline, balanced crystalloids such as lactated Ringer’s, and dextrose-containing solutions. IV therapy can deliver medications, blood products, or nutrition (parenteral). It is used when oral intake is unsafe, when rapid onset is needed, or when precise control of dosing is required.

Risks include infiltration and phlebitis at the access site, catheter-related bloodstream infection, thrombosis, air embolism, and electrolyte disturbances. Proper technique, catheter care, and timely removal of unnecessary lines reduce complications. Training and guidelines from health authorities govern practice.