Infusionsite

An infusion site is the location on the body through which intravenous fluids, medications, or nutrients are delivered. The term broadly applies to any vascular access point used for ongoing IV therapy, and it encompasses peripheral sites as well as central venous access devices.

Peripheral infusion sites are usually located in the forearm or hand and use peripheral veins such as the cephalic or basilic veins. They are suited for short- to medium-duration therapy and are relatively easy to place, but they have a limited duration and are subject to complications such as phlebitis or infiltration if the IV catheter dislodges or leaks.

Central infusion sites involve catheters placed into central veins, including peripherally inserted central catheters (PICC lines), subclavian or internal jugular lines, or implanted ports. Central access can tolerate irritant medications and longer treatment courses, but it requires trained personnel, sterile technique, and ongoing care to minimize infection, thrombosis, and other systemic complications.

Common infusion-site complications include phlebitis (vein inflammation), infiltration (fluid leaking into surrounding tissue), extravasation (chemical injury from certain drugs), infection at the insertion site, thrombosis, catheter occlusion, and air embolism. Care practices emphasize regular site assessment, securement, aseptic dressing, timely dressing changes, and appropriate flushing and maintenance protocols, implemented per local guidelines and clinician orders.