Illokutsiooniline

Illokutsiooniline refers to the illocutionary act within speech act theory. Speech act theory, pioneered by philosophers like J.L. Austin and later developed by John Searle, posits that utterances do not merely describe states of affairs but also perform actions. These actions are categorized into three distinct levels: the locutionary act, the illocutionary act, and the perlocutionary act.

The locutionary act is the basic act of saying something, referring to the literal meaning of the words spoken. The illocutionary act, on the other hand, is the speaker's intention in uttering those words. It is the force or purpose behind the utterance, such as making a promise, issuing a command, asking a question, or expressing a belief. For example, the utterance "It's cold in here" can have different illocutionary forces. It could be a simple statement of fact (locutionary act), but its illocutionary act might be a request to close the window or turn up the heating.

Identifying the illocutionary act requires understanding the context, the speaker's tone, and conventional linguistic practices. Searle further classified illocutionary acts into categories like assertives (stating facts), directives (getting someone to do something), commissives (committing to future action), expressives (expressing feelings), and declaratives (changing the state of affairs). The illocutionary force is what distinguishes an assertion from a command, even if the words used are similar. The perlocutionary act refers to the effect the utterance has on the listener, which may or may not be the intended effect of the illocutionary act.