IVinfusion

IV infusion, also called intravenous infusion, is the delivery of fluids, medications, or nutrients directly into a vein over a period of time. It uses an IV catheter or cannula inserted into a peripheral vein or a central venous catheter, connected to an infusion set. Fluids may be administered by gravity or by an infusion pump to control rate. Common fluids include isotonic crystalloids such as normal saline (0.9% NaCl) and lactated Ringer's solution, as well as dextrose-containing solutions (for example D5W) and, less commonly, hypertonic formulations. In addition to fluids, IV infusions deliver medications, electrolytes, antibiotics, chemotherapy, or parenteral nutrition.

Access types range from peripheral IV lines suitable for short-term use to central venous access for long-term therapy or when large volumes or irritant drugs are given. The choice depends on duration, medication, patient condition, and infection risk.

Safety and monitoring are essential. The site must be prepared aseptically, the catheter secured, and patency checked before use. Potential complications include infiltration or extravasation, phlebitis, infection, air embolism, fluid overload, and electrolyte imbalances. Catheter-related infections are a significant concern with central lines. Infusion rates are monitored with pumps or gravity, and changes are documented. IV infusion practices vary by setting but share goals of delivering therapy safely, effectively, and in appropriate amounts.