Hypometylaatioo

Hypomethylation refers to a decrease in the level of DNA methylation within a cell. DNA methylation is a biological process where a methyl group is added to a DNA molecule. This epigenetic modification plays a crucial role in regulating gene expression, influencing which genes are turned on or off without altering the underlying DNA sequence.

Normally, DNA methylation patterns are established and maintained through specific enzymes, and these patterns are vital for normal cellular function, development, and stability. Hypomethylation occurs when the normal methylation patterns are disrupted, leading to a reduction in the overall methylation marks on the DNA.

This reduction in DNA methylation can have significant consequences. It can lead to the inappropriate activation of genes that should be silenced, such as genes involved in cell growth or development. Conversely, it can also lead to the silencing of genes that should be active. In many cases, hypomethylation is associated with the instability of the genome, increasing the likelihood of mutations and chromosomal abnormalities.

Hypomethylation has been observed in various conditions, most notably in cancer. In cancerous cells, widespread hypomethylation can contribute to the reactivation of oncogenes and the silencing of tumor suppressor genes, promoting uncontrolled cell proliferation and tumor formation. It can also be linked to certain developmental disorders and autoimmune diseases, although the precise mechanisms are still under investigation. Research continues to explore the role of hypomethylation in disease pathogenesis and its potential as a therapeutic target.