Hypofarynksin

Hypofarynksin refers to the inferior part of the pharynx, also known as the laryngopharynx. This anatomical region extends from the upper border of the epiglottis down to the lower border of the cricoid cartilage. It is a crucial passageway for both air and food. The hypopharynx is divided into several distinct areas, including the piriform sinuses, the posterior pharyngeal wall, and the postcricoid region. The piriform sinuses are two pear-shaped depressions located laterally on either side of the larynx. The posterior pharyngeal wall forms the posterior boundary of this area. The postcricoid region is situated directly behind the cricoid cartilage.

The hypopharynx plays a significant role in swallowing and respiration. During swallowing, the muscles of the hypopharynx contract to propel food downwards into the esophagus. Simultaneously, the larynx elevates and the epiglottis closes off the airway to prevent aspiration. The hypopharynx is lined with stratified squamous epithelium. It is supplied by branches of the pharyngeal plexus, which provides both sensory and motor innervation. The hypopharynx is a common site for squamous cell carcinoma, and understanding its anatomy is essential for diagnosis and treatment of diseases affecting this region.