Hypervolæmi

Hypervolemia is a medical condition characterized by an excessive amount of fluid in the bloodstream. It is essentially an increase in the total circulating blood volume, encompassing both plasma and red blood cells. This condition can arise from various causes, including excessive fluid intake, kidney failure leading to impaired fluid excretion, heart failure where the heart cannot pump blood effectively, and certain hormonal imbalances.

The symptoms of hypervolemia can vary depending on the severity and the underlying cause. Common signs include edema, which is swelling, particularly in the legs, ankles, and feet. Patients may also experience shortness of breath due to fluid accumulation in the lungs (pulmonary edema), rapid weight gain, distended neck veins, and an elevated blood pressure. In severe cases, hypervolemia can lead to complications such as heart strain and respiratory distress.

Diagnosis typically involves a physical examination to assess for signs of fluid overload, along with laboratory tests that may include measuring electrolyte levels and kidney function. Imaging studies like chest X-rays can help identify pulmonary edema. Treatment strategies focus on removing excess fluid and addressing the underlying cause. This often involves restricting fluid and sodium intake, administering diuretics to promote urine output, and managing any contributing medical conditions like heart or kidney disease. Careful monitoring is crucial to prevent recurrence and manage complications.