Hypercalciëmie

Hypercalciëmie refers to an abnormally high level of calcium in the blood. Calcium is an essential mineral for bone health, muscle function, nerve signaling, and blood clotting. While calcium is vital, excessively high levels can cause a range of health problems.

The most common causes of hypercalciëmie include overactive parathyroid glands (hyperparathyroidism), certain cancers, and prolonged immobilization. Other less frequent causes are vitamin D intoxication, kidney disease, and some medications like lithium and thiazide diuretics.

Symptoms of hypercalciëmie can vary depending on the severity and speed of calcium level increase. Mild cases may be asymptomatic. However, more significant elevations can lead to symptoms such as increased thirst, frequent urination, constipation, nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, fatigue, muscle weakness, confusion, and in severe cases, kidney stones, heart rhythm abnormalities, and even coma.

Diagnosis is typically made through blood tests that measure calcium and parathyroid hormone levels. Further investigations may be required to identify the underlying cause. Treatment strategies focus on addressing the root cause and lowering calcium levels. This can involve increased fluid intake, medications to block calcium release from bones, and in some instances, surgery to remove an overactive parathyroid gland. Prompt medical attention is important for managing hypercalciëmie to prevent complications.