Hydrochinón

Hydrochinón is a white, crystalline organic compound with the chemical formula C6H4(OH)2. It is a derivative of benzene and is also known by its IUPAC name, benzene-1,4-diol. Hydrochinón is a reducing agent and is soluble in water, alcohol, and ether.

Historically, hydrochinón has been used in photography as a developing agent. It works by reducing exposed silver halide crystals in photographic film or paper to metallic silver, which forms the visible image. Its use in this field has largely been superseded by other developing agents.

In more recent times, hydrochinón has found applications in various industries, including as a stabilizer in paints, varnishes, and lacquers, and as an antioxidant in rubber and certain food products. It is also used as an intermediate in the synthesis of other chemicals.

Topical hydrochinón is a depigmenting agent used in dermatology to lighten areas of hyperpigmentation such as melasma, freckles, and age spots. It works by inhibiting tyrosinase, an enzyme essential for melanin production. The use of hydrochinón in skincare products is regulated in many countries due to potential side effects, including skin irritation, redness, and in rare cases, ochronosis, a condition causing bluish-black discoloration of the skin. It is typically available by prescription only for dermatological use.