Hryggjaliðanna

Hryggjaliðanna refers to the joints of the spine. These joints, also known as facet joints or zygapophyseal joints, are small, synovial joints located on the posterior aspect of the vertebral column. Each vertebra, except for the atlas and axis, has four facet joints: two superior and two inferior. These joints are formed by the articulation of the inferior articular facet of the vertebra above with the superior articular facet of the vertebra below. The primary function of the hryggjaliðanna is to provide stability to the spine, limit excessive movement, and guide the range of motion between adjacent vertebrae. They play a crucial role in supporting the body's weight and allowing for movements such as flexion, extension, lateral bending, and rotation. The orientation of these joints varies along the length of the spine, influencing the type and extent of movement possible in different regions. For example, the facet joints in the cervical spine are more horizontally oriented, facilitating greater rotation, while those in the lumbar spine are more vertically aligned, primarily allowing for flexion and extension. Conditions affecting these joints, such as arthritis or facet joint syndrome, can lead to pain and stiffness in the back.