Homogén

Homogén (English: homogeneous) is an adjective used in science and mathematics to describe something with uniform composition, properties, or structure throughout. The term derives from Greek homo- "same" and -genos "kind, race."

In chemistry, a homogeneous mixture has a uniform composition and phase throughout, such as saline solution or air. By contrast, a heterogeneous mixture consists of distinct parts. In materials science, a homogeneous material exhibits uniform properties—thermal conductivity, density, and strength—across the material, although many real substances are only approximately homogeneous at macroscopic scales.

In mathematics, homogeneous describes objects with scale-invariant properties. A function f is homogeneous of degree d if f(tx) = t^d f(x) for all t > 0. A homogeneous polynomial has all terms of the same total degree. In projective geometry, homogeneous coordinates are used to describe points at infinity.

In physics and cosmology, the assumption of homogeneity refers to the uniformity of matter and energy when viewed at sufficiently large scales; together with isotropy, it underpins the cosmological principle. In probability and statistics, time-homogeneous models have transition rules that do not depend on time.