Heterozigotság

Heterozigotság refers to a genetic state in diploid organisms where an individual has two different alleles for a particular gene. An allele is a variant form of a gene. For example, if a gene controls eye color, there might be an allele for brown eyes and an allele for blue eyes. A heterozygous individual would carry one allele for brown eyes and one allele for blue eyes. This is in contrast to homozygosity, where an individual has two identical alleles for the same gene, such as two alleles for brown eyes or two alleles for blue eyes.

The presence of different alleles in a heterozygous state can have various consequences. In many cases, one allele may be dominant, meaning its trait is expressed phenotypically, while the other allele, the recessive one, has its trait masked. However, in other situations, such as incomplete dominance or codominance, both alleles can contribute to the observable trait. Heterozygosity is a fundamental concept in genetics, playing a crucial role in inheritance patterns, genetic variation within populations, and the expression of traits. It is a key factor in understanding how genetic diversity is maintained and how traits are passed from parents to offspring.