Hepatotsüüdid

Hepatotsüüdid are the principal functional cells of the liver. These highly specialized cells make up approximately 70-80% of the liver's mass. Hepatocytes are polygonal in shape and possess one or more nuclei, though binucleated cells are also common. They are characterized by abundant cytoplasm containing numerous organelles, including mitochondria, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, lysosomes, and peroxisomes, reflecting their extensive metabolic activities.

The functions of hepatocytes are incredibly diverse and crucial for maintaining homeostasis. They are central to metabolism, processing carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins absorbed from the digestive tract. Hepatocytes synthesize bile, which aids in fat digestion and absorption, and also produce essential plasma proteins like albumin and clotting factors. Furthermore, they play a vital role in detoxification, metabolizing and eliminating drugs, toxins, and metabolic waste products.

Hepatocytes are organized within the liver lobules into cords that radiate from a central vein, interspersed with sinusoids through which blood flows. This arrangement facilitates efficient exchange of substances between the blood and the hepatocytes. The liver's regenerative capacity is largely attributed to the ability of hepatocytes to proliferate in response to injury, although this process can be impaired in chronic liver diseases, leading to fibrosis and cirrhosis.