Happbaastitratsioon

Happbaastitratsioon, also known as acid-base titration, is a quantitative chemical analysis technique used to determine the concentration of an unknown acid or base. It involves the controlled reaction between a solution of known concentration, called the titrant, and a solution of unknown concentration, the analyte. The titrant is typically added incrementally from a burette to the analyte until the reaction between the acid and the base is complete.

The completion of the reaction is usually indicated by a change in color of an indicator, which is a substance that changes color at or near the equivalence point. The equivalence point is the theoretical point where the amount of titrant added is stoichiometrically equivalent to the amount of analyte present. The pH at the equivalence point depends on the strengths of the acid and base involved. For example, the titration of a strong acid with a strong base results in an equivalence point at pH 7, while the titration of a weak acid with a strong base will have an equivalence point above pH 7.

During the titration process, the volume of titrant added at the equivalence point is recorded. Using the known concentration of the titrant and the volume used, along with the stoichiometry of the reaction, the concentration of the analyte can be calculated. This method is widely used in various fields, including chemistry, environmental science, and pharmaceuticals, for quality control and research purposes.