Happaemäntätitraatiossa

Happaemäntätitraatio is a fundamental analytical chemistry technique used to determine the unknown concentration of an acid or a base. The process involves reacting a solution of known concentration, called the titrant, with a solution of unknown concentration, called the analyte, until the reaction is complete. This point of completion is known as the equivalence point.

To visually signal the equivalence point, a chemical indicator is typically added to the analyte solution. Indicators are substances that change color at a specific pH range. When the titrant is added, the pH of the analyte solution changes. The indicator will undergo a distinct color change when the solution reaches a pH close to the equivalence point. For strong acid-strong base titrations, the equivalence point occurs at a neutral pH of 7. For titrations involving weak acids or bases, the equivalence point will be at a pH above or below 7, depending on the relative strengths of the acid and base.

The volume of titrant required to reach the equivalence point is carefully measured. Using the known concentration of the titrant and the volume used, along with the stoichiometry of the reaction between the acid and base, the unknown concentration of the analyte can be calculated. This method is widely applied in various fields, including quality control, environmental monitoring, and pharmaceutical analysis, for its accuracy and reliability in quantifying acidic and basic substances.