HLAalleles

HLAalleles are variations of genes within the human leukocyte antigen (HLA) complex. This complex plays a crucial role in the immune system, specifically in distinguishing self from non-self. The HLA genes are highly polymorphic, meaning they have a large number of different alleles in the human population. Each individual inherits a unique set of HLA alleles from their parents, contributing to their specific immune response. These alleles code for proteins found on the surface of cells, which present peptide fragments to T cells. This presentation is essential for initiating an immune response against pathogens. The diversity of HLAalleles is believed to be an evolutionary advantage, allowing populations to resist a wider range of infectious diseases. Variations in HLAalleles are also associated with susceptibility to autoimmune diseases and are critical in tissue and organ transplantation, as mismatched HLAalleles can lead to rejection. Genetic testing for HLAalleles is used in various medical fields, including immunology, transplant medicine, and disease research.