Guurtida

Guurtida, also spelled Guurti or Guurtid, is the Somali term for a council of elders that serves as an upper chamber in some Somali political systems, most notably as the Senate in Somaliland's bicameral parliament and historically as the upper house of Somalia's Parliament. The Guurtida is composed primarily of senior clan elders and traditional figures chosen to represent clans and subclans. Membership is typically not elected in universal ballots but selected by regional authorities and traditional authorities, with terms defined by the constitution or legislative framework.

Functions of the Guurtida are typically deliberative and consultative. They advise on legislation, constitutional matters, and governance, represent traditional authority, and help provide legitimacy in state-building processes. In some arrangements, the Guurtida may participate in or confirm appointments and constitutional amendments, but powers vary by jurisdiction and time.

Historically, the structure existed in various forms across Somali-governed territories and has reappeared in post–colonial and post-conflict attempts to rebuild parliamentary systems. In Somaliland, the Guurti is the upper house of Parliament, distinct from the elected House of Representatives, and has played a role in constitutional reform, the selection of leadership, and national reconciliation processes. The term also encompasses elder councils more broadly, functioning as customary judicial and mediation bodies in many communities, bridging clan interests with formal state institutions.