Guanylaattiset

Guanylaattiset (guanylate-containing compounds) is a Finnish term used in chemistry and biochemistry to describe substances that carry the guanylate moiety. The guanylate unit derives from guanylic acid and is best known in biology as the basis of the guanine nucleotides GMP, GDP and GTP, and as the second messenger cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP). In Finnish literature the scope of guanylaattiset can vary; it may refer to nucleotide derivatives such as GMP, GDP, and GTP and their esters or salts, as well as to synthetic or modified guanylate-containing molecules used in research and pharmacology.

In biochemistry and cell biology, guanylate-containing compounds participate in energy transfer, signaling, and enzymatic reactions. GTP acts as an energy source for protein synthesis and many enzymes, whereas cGMP functions as a signaling molecule in various pathways. Pharmaceutical chemistry may describe guanylate-containing drugs, analogs, or prodrugs that exploit the properties of the guanylate scaffold. Synthesis of guanylate-containing molecules typically involves nucleotide chemistry or esterification reactions that attach the guanylate group to a scaffold or to a phosphate group, depending on the intended function.

Nomenclature can differ by field; some sources reserve guanylaattiset for nucleotide derivatives, others for broader guanylate-containing compounds. See also guanylate, GMP, GDP, GTP, cGMP.