Großzehengrundgelenk

The Großzehengrundgelenk, also known as the first metatarsophalangeal joint, is the primary joint at the base of the big toe. It is a crucial articulation in the foot, formed by the head of the first metatarsal bone and the base of the proximal phalanx of the hallux (the big toe). This saddle-shaped joint allows for significant movement, particularly in dorsiflexion and plantarflexion, which are essential for walking, running, and maintaining balance. The joint is surrounded by a joint capsule and supported by several ligaments, including the collateral ligaments and the plantar plate, which provide stability. The extensor hallucis longus and brevis tendons, as well as the flexor hallucis longus and brevis tendons, act on this joint to produce its characteristic movements. Common conditions affecting the Großzehengrundgelenk include hallux rigidus, a form of osteoarthritis causing stiffness and pain, and hallux valgus, commonly known as a bunion, where the big toe deviates towards the second toe.