Glükosaminoglükaanit

Glükosaminoglükaanit, often abbreviated as GAGs, are a class of unbranched polysaccharides. They are composed of repeating disaccharide units. Each disaccharide unit consists of a hexosamine and a uronic acid. The hexosamine component is either glucosamine or galactosamine, while the uronic acid is either glucuronic acid or iduronic acid. GAGs are highly negatively charged due to the presence of sulfate and carboxyl groups. This strong negative charge is crucial for their biological functions.

These molecules are important components of the extracellular matrix in animals. They play a significant role in connective tissues, cartilage, and the synovial fluid that lubricates joints. GAGs bind to water molecules, forming a gel-like substance that provides structural support and resilience. They also participate in cell signaling, cell adhesion, and protein binding. Examples of common GAGs include hyaluronic acid, chondroitin sulfate, dermatan sulfate, heparin, heparan sulfate, and keratan sulfate. Each type has a distinct structure and specific biological roles, such as contributing to the elasticity of skin, the strength of cartilage, or the anticoagulant properties of heparin.