Glutaraldeide

Glutaraldeide, also known as glutaraldehyde or pentanedial, is an organic compound with the formula C5H8O2 and the structure OHC-(CH2)3-CHO. It is a dialdehyde that occurs as a colorless, viscous liquid or as stabilized aqueous solutions. Commercial products are typically stabilized to reduce polymerization and are sold in concentrations around 2% for medical use.

The principal uses of glutaraldeide are as a high-level disinfectant and sterilant for heat‑sensitive medical instruments and as a fixative in histology and electron microscopy. Its effectiveness derives from its ability to react with amino groups in proteins, forming cross-links that inactivate biological materials and preserve structures. In research and clinical settings, it is employed for cold sterilization and for preparing tissue samples for microscopic examination.

Safety and handling: Glutaraldeide is a potent irritant and sensitizer. Exposure can irritate the skin, eyes and respiratory tract and may provoke dermatitis or asthma in susceptible individuals. It should be used with adequate ventilation and personal protective equipment, including gloves, eye protection and, if necessary, respiratory protection. It is corrosive and should be kept away from incompatible materials. Spills require containment and disposal according to local regulations. Environmental releases should be minimized as the substance can be hazardous to aquatic life.

See also: aldehydes; cross-linking; tissue fixation.