Glükoneogenetikus

Glükoneogenetikus refers to the process of gluconeogenesis, which is the metabolic pathway that results in the generation of glucose from certain non-carbohydrate carbon substrates. This process is essential for maintaining blood glucose levels, particularly during periods of fasting or prolonged exercise when dietary glucose intake is insufficient. The primary substrates for gluconeogenesis include lactate, pyruvate, glycerol, and amino acids. These molecules are converted into glucose through a series of enzymatic reactions, primarily occurring in the liver and, to a lesser extent, the kidneys. Gluconeogenesis is a highly regulated pathway, tightly controlled by hormonal signals such as glucagon and cortisol, which promote the process, and insulin, which inhibits it. While sharing some enzymes with glycolysis, gluconeogenesis involves several unique steps to bypass the energetically irreversible reactions of glycolysis. This pathway plays a critical role in preventing hypoglycemia and ensuring that tissues with high glucose requirements, such as the brain and red blood cells, have a continuous supply of this vital energy source. Disruptions in gluconeogenesis can contribute to metabolic disorders like diabetes.