Genotüüpidele

Genotüüpidele refers to the genetic makeup of an organism, specifically the alleles present at a particular locus or across all loci. It is the inherited set of genes that an individual possesses. This genetic information is encoded in DNA and is passed down from parents to offspring. Genotypes can be observed through genetic testing or inferred from phenotypic traits, though not all genotypes are expressed phenotypically.

There are several ways to describe genotypes. For a diploid organism, at a specific gene locus, an individual can be homozygous if they have two identical alleles, or heterozygous if they have two different alleles. For example, if the alleles for a gene are represented by 'A' and 'a', a homozygous genotype could be AA or aa, while a heterozygous genotype would be Aa.

The collection of all genotypes for an organism constitutes its entire genome. Understanding genotypes is fundamental to genetics and plays a crucial role in areas such as inheritance patterns, the study of genetic diseases, and selective breeding in agriculture and animal husbandry. It also informs research into evolutionary biology and personalized medicine. The interaction between an organism's genotype and its environment shapes its observable characteristics, known as the phenotype.