Gelenkgewebe

Gelenkgewebe, also known as articular cartilage, is a specialized connective tissue that covers the articulating surfaces of bones within synovial joints. Its primary function is to facilitate smooth, low-friction movement and to absorb shock, thereby protecting the underlying bone from damage. This tissue is characterized by its smooth, white, and resilient surface.

Histologically, Gelenkgewebe is composed of chondrocytes embedded within an extracellular matrix. The matrix is rich in collagen fibers, particularly type II collagen, and proteoglycans, such as aggrecan. This composition provides the tissue with its tensile strength and compressive resistance. Gelenkgewebe is avascular, meaning it does not have its own blood supply. It receives nutrients and oxygen through diffusion from the synovial fluid and the subchondral bone. This lack of vascularity contributes to its limited capacity for self-repair when damaged.

The smooth surface of Gelenkgewebe is maintained by a thin layer of synovial fluid, which acts as a lubricant. This fluid is produced by the synovial membrane, which lines the joint capsule. The interaction between the Gelenkgewebe and the synovial fluid is crucial for reducing friction and wear during joint movement.

Damage to Gelenkgewebe can occur due to trauma, overuse, or degenerative conditions like osteoarthritis. Because of its poor regenerative capabilities, damage to this tissue can lead to pain, stiffness, and impaired joint function. Various treatment strategies aim to manage symptoms and, in some cases, promote repair or replacement of the damaged cartilage.