Galvánelemekhez

Galvánelemekhez refers to galvanic cells, also known as voltaic cells, in Hungarian. These are electrochemical cells that convert chemical energy into electrical energy through spontaneous redox reactions. The fundamental principle involves two half-cells, each containing an electrode immersed in an electrolyte solution. At one electrode, oxidation occurs, releasing electrons, while at the other electrode, reduction takes place, consuming electrons. These electrons flow through an external circuit, creating an electric current. A salt bridge or porous membrane is typically used to connect the two half-cells, allowing ions to migrate and maintain electrical neutrality in each compartment. This ion flow prevents the buildup of charge that would otherwise halt the electron flow. The difference in the electrochemical potential between the two electrodes, known as the cell potential or electromotive force (EMF), drives the reaction and determines the voltage produced by the cell. Common examples of galvanic cells include the Daniell cell and the Leclanché cell, which served as early forms of batteries. The understanding and application of galvanic cells are foundational to electrochemistry and have led to the development of numerous practical technologies, including batteries used in portable electronic devices and electric vehicles.