Fázisátmenetei

Fázisátmenetei refers to the phase transitions of a substance. These are physical processes that occur when a substance changes from one state of matter to another. The most common phase transitions are melting (solid to liquid), freezing (liquid to solid), boiling or vaporization (liquid to gas), condensation (gas to liquid), sublimation (solid to gas), and deposition (gas to solid). These transitions typically occur at specific temperatures and pressures, known as the melting point, boiling point, etc.

During a phase transition, the substance absorbs or releases energy, often in the form of heat, without a change in temperature. This energy is called latent heat. For example, when ice melts at 0°C, it absorbs latent heat of fusion to become liquid water at the same temperature. Similarly, when water boils at 100°C, it absorbs latent heat of vaporization to become steam at the same temperature. The reverse processes, freezing and condensation, release this latent heat.

Phase transitions are fundamental concepts in thermodynamics and materials science. They are crucial for understanding various natural phenomena, such as the water cycle, and for industrial processes like distillation and metallurgy. The specific conditions under which phase transitions occur can be represented graphically on phase diagrams, which show the stable phases of a substance at different temperatures and pressures. Other phase transitions exist beyond the common solid, liquid, and gas states, such as transitions between different solid crystalline structures or magnetic transitions.