FriedmannLriedmannRobertsonWalker

FriedmannLried is a fictional concept created to illustrate an alternative cosmological framework that blends elements associated with classical Friedmann cosmology with speculative ideas about emergent spacetime. It is not a recognized model in mainstream physics.

In the imagined framework, FriedmannLried would modify the standard Friedmann equations by introducing extra degrees of freedom, such as a topology-change parameter and a scalar field that interacts with the expansion rate. The universe remains modeled as homogeneous and isotropic with a scale factor a(t) and a Hubble parameter H(t), but these quantities can depend on evolving topology and field dynamics.

Applications of FriedmannLried are mainly educational and exploratory. It serves as a thought experiment to show how nonstandard topologies, dynamic fields, or novel coupling mechanisms could alter cosmic expansion, age estimates, distance measures, and ultimate fate. Because it is not supported by observational evidence or widespread theoretical development, it remains a speculative, fictional construct.

See also: Friedmann equations, FLRW metric, cosmology, scalar field cosmology.