Fraunhoferdiffrakciót

Fraunhoferdiffrakció refers to a specific type of diffraction that occurs when light waves encounter an object, such as an aperture or obstacle, and the resulting diffraction pattern is observed at a very large distance from the object, or equivalently, when the incident light is collimated and the diffracted light is focused by a lens onto an observation plane. This condition is often referred to as far-field diffraction. The key characteristic of Fraunhofer diffraction is that the wavefronts of light are essentially planar when they reach the diffracting object and the observation plane is effectively at infinity.

In Fraunhofer diffraction, the angular distribution of the diffracted light is independent of the distance to the diffracting object and depends only on the shape and size of the object and the wavelength of the light. Mathematically, the diffraction pattern can be described by the Fourier transform of the aperture function. This mathematical relationship makes Fraunhofer diffraction particularly useful for analyzing the properties of light sources and optical instruments. Examples of Fraunhofer diffraction phenomena include the diffraction pattern observed when light passes through a single slit, a circular aperture, or a diffraction grating. The resulting patterns, typically consisting of bright central maxima and fainter side maxima separated by dark minima, provide valuable information about the dimensions of the diffracting object.