Francisturbine

Francisturbine is a type of water turbine that was developed by James Francis in the 19th century. It is a reaction turbine, meaning that the water flows through the turbine and imparts its energy to the blades, causing them to rotate. This design is different from impulse turbines, where the water is directed onto the blades from a nozzle.

The Francis turbine is widely used in hydroelectric power generation due to its ability to operate efficiently over a wide range of flow rates and heads. It consists of a runner, which is the rotating part of the turbine, and a spiral casing that directs the water onto the runner. The runner has adjustable guide vanes that can be adjusted to control the flow of water and optimize the turbine's performance.

The Francis turbine is named after its inventor, James Francis, who patented the design in 1848. It has since undergone numerous improvements and modifications to enhance its efficiency and reliability. Today, Francis turbines are used in a variety of applications, including power generation, irrigation, and pumping. They are known for their versatility and ability to operate in a wide range of conditions, making them a popular choice for hydroelectric power plants.