Framtíðarvörusamningur

Framtíðarvörusamningur, often translated as a futures contract, is a standardized legal agreement to buy or sell a specific commodity or asset at a predetermined price on a specified future date. These contracts are traded on exchanges, providing a regulated marketplace for buyers and sellers. The primary purpose of a futures contract is to hedge against price fluctuations. For example, a farmer might enter into a futures contract to sell their anticipated harvest at a fixed price, thereby protecting themselves from a potential drop in market prices. Conversely, a manufacturer who needs to purchase a certain raw material can use futures contracts to lock in a purchase price, safeguarding against price increases.

Futures contracts can also be used for speculation. Traders who believe the price of an underlying asset will rise can buy a futures contract, hoping to sell it at a higher price before the expiration date. Conversely, those who expect prices to fall can sell a futures contract. The underlying assets for futures contracts are diverse and can include agricultural products like wheat and corn, energy products such as oil and natural gas, financial instruments like currencies and stock indices, and precious metals like gold and silver. The standardization of these contracts ensures clarity regarding the quality, quantity, and delivery specifications of the underlying asset.