Fotobiogénesis

Fotobiogénesis is a term that describes the process by which light energy is used to synthesize organic compounds from inorganic substances. It is a fundamental process for life on Earth, as it forms the base of most food chains. In essence, fotobiogénesis is the biological conversion of light into chemical energy.

The most well-known example of fotobiogénesis is photosynthesis, carried out by plants, algae, and some bacteria. During photosynthesis, these organisms capture light energy from the sun and use it to convert carbon dioxide and water into glucose (a sugar) and oxygen. Glucose serves as a source of chemical energy for the organism, and oxygen is released as a byproduct. This process is critical for maintaining the Earth's atmosphere and supporting aerobic life.

Beyond photosynthesis, other forms of fotobiogénesis exist. For instance, some archaea, particularly in extreme environments like salt lakes, utilize a process called bacteriorhodopsin. This pigment absorbs light and, without involving carbon dioxide fixation, uses the energy to pump protons across a membrane, creating an electrochemical gradient. This gradient can then be used to generate ATP, the energy currency of cells. While not producing organic matter in the same way as photosynthesis, it still represents a direct conversion of light energy into usable biological energy. Understanding fotobiogénesis is key to comprehending how life harnesses energy from its environment and the intricate biochemical pathways that sustain it.