Foszforilálódik

Foszforilálódik is the Hungarian term for phosphorylation, a fundamental biochemical process. It refers to the addition of a phosphate group (PO4³⁻) to a molecule, typically an organic molecule. This addition is catalyzed by enzymes known as kinases. Phosphorylation is a crucial mechanism for regulating the activity of proteins and other biomolecules. The addition or removal of a phosphate group can dramatically alter a molecule's shape, charge, and interaction with other molecules, thereby switching its biological function on or off.

This process is central to many cellular activities, including signal transduction, where it acts as a molecular switch to relay messages within and between cells. It plays a vital role in energy metabolism, for instance, in the formation of adenosine triphosphate (ATP), the primary energy currency of the cell. Phosphorylation is also involved in the regulation of enzyme activity, gene expression, and cellular transport. The reversibility of phosphorylation, through the action of phosphatases that remove phosphate groups, allows for dynamic control of these cellular processes. Dysregulation of phosphorylation is implicated in various diseases, including cancer and metabolic disorders.