Fosforüleerida

Fosforüleerida is the Estonian term for phosphorylation. Phosphorylation is a biochemical process that involves the addition of a phosphate group to a molecule. This is a fundamental reaction in cellular metabolism and signaling. In biological systems, phosphorylation is most commonly catalyzed by enzymes called kinases, which transfer a phosphate group from a high-energy molecule, such as adenosine triphosphate (ATP), to a substrate molecule.

The addition of a phosphate group can significantly alter the properties of a molecule. It can activate or inactivate enzymes, change a protein's conformation, or serve as a signal in cellular pathways. Phosphorylation plays crucial roles in a wide array of cellular functions, including energy production, cell division, cell communication, and the regulation of gene expression.

The reverse process of phosphorylation is dephosphorylation, which involves the removal of a phosphate group, typically catalyzed by enzymes called phosphatases. The dynamic interplay between phosphorylation and dephosphorylation allows for precise control and regulation of cellular processes. This reversible modification is a key mechanism for signal transduction, enabling cells to respond to external stimuli and internal cues. Therefore, understanding phosphorylation is essential for comprehending many aspects of cell biology and disease.