Fluorescensspektra

Fluorescensspektra, also known as fluorescence spectra, represent the pattern of light emitted by a substance after it has absorbed light at a shorter wavelength. When a molecule absorbs photons, its electrons are excited to a higher energy level. As these electrons return to their ground state, they can release energy in the form of photons, a process called fluorescence. The emitted photons have longer wavelengths, and therefore lower energy, than the absorbed photons. A fluorescence spectrum plots the intensity of this emitted light against its wavelength.

The shape and position of a fluorescence spectrum are characteristic of the specific molecule. This is because the energy levels within a molecule are unique, leading to distinct absorption and emission wavelengths. The excitation spectrum shows the wavelengths of light that are most effective at causing fluorescence, while the emission spectrum shows the wavelengths of light that are emitted at a specific excitation wavelength. Often, the emission spectrum is broader than the excitation spectrum due to various vibrational and rotational energy levels that can be populated during the relaxation process.

Fluorescence spectroscopy is a powerful analytical technique used in various fields, including chemistry, biology, and materials science. It is employed for identifying and quantifying substances, studying molecular structure and interactions, and for imaging applications. The sensitivity of fluorescence detection allows for the analysis of very small amounts of material.