Fehérjeszyntézis

Fehérjeszintézis is the biological process by which cells create new proteins. This essential function is carried out in two main stages: transcription and translation. Transcription occurs in the nucleus, where a DNA sequence is copied into a messenger RNA (mRNA) molecule. This mRNA then travels out of the nucleus into the cytoplasm.

The second stage, translation, takes place on ribosomes in the cytoplasm. Here, the genetic code carried by the mRNA is read and used to assemble a chain of amino acids in a specific order. Transfer RNA (tRNA) molecules bring the correct amino acids to the ribosome according to the mRNA sequence. Once the amino acid chain, called a polypeptide, is complete, it folds into a specific three-dimensional structure to become a functional protein. This intricate process is fundamental to all life, as proteins perform a vast array of roles within cells and organisms, including acting as enzymes, structural components, and signaling molecules. The precise control of fehérjeszintézis is crucial for maintaining cellular function and overall organismal health.