Fehérjeképzés

Fehérjeképzés is the Hungarian term for protein synthesis. This is the fundamental biological process by which cells build proteins. Protein synthesis is a complex and highly regulated process that involves two main stages: transcription and translation.

Transcription is the process where the genetic information encoded in DNA is copied into a messenger RNA (mRNA) molecule. This occurs in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells. DNA contains the instructions for building all the proteins an organism needs. An enzyme called RNA polymerase reads the DNA sequence and creates a complementary mRNA strand.

Translation is the second stage, where the mRNA molecule carries the genetic code from the nucleus to the ribosomes in the cytoplasm. Ribosomes are the cellular machinery responsible for protein synthesis. Here, the mRNA sequence is read in codons, which are sequences of three nucleotides. Each codon specifies a particular amino acid. Transfer RNA (tRNA) molecules bring the corresponding amino acids to the ribosome, matching their anticodons to the mRNA codons. The ribosome then links these amino acids together in a specific order, forming a polypeptide chain. This polypeptide chain then folds into a functional three-dimensional protein. The entire process of fehérjeképzés is essential for virtually all cellular functions, from enzyme activity to structural support and signal transduction.