FasCD95n

FasCD95n, also known as Fas ligand or tumor necrosis factor ligand superfamily member 14 (TNFSF14), is a protein that plays a significant role in the immune system, particularly in regulating cell death. It is a type II transmembrane protein belonging to the tumor necrosis factor (TNF) superfamily. FasCD95n is primarily expressed on activated T cells and Natural Killer (NK) cells, acting as a key mediator of the extrinsic pathway of apoptosis.

The primary function of FasCD95n is to induce apoptosis in target cells that express its cognate receptor, Fas (also known as CD95 or APO-1). Upon binding of FasCD95n to Fas, a complex signaling cascade is initiated within the target cell, leading to programmed cell death. This mechanism is crucial for eliminating infected cells, autoreactive lymphocytes, and other unwanted cells, thus maintaining immune homeostasis and preventing autoimmune diseases.

Dysregulation of the FasCD95n/Fas pathway has been implicated in various pathological conditions. For instance, excessive FasCD95n expression or sensitivity can contribute to autoimmune disorders by causing widespread cell death. Conversely, defects in this pathway can lead to the accumulation of autoreactive lymphocytes, increasing the risk of autoimmunity. Furthermore, FasCD95n has been investigated for its role in cancer, where it can be exploited by tumor cells to evade immune surveillance or, conversely, be targeted for anti-cancer therapies. Research continues to explore the multifaceted roles of FasCD95n in immunity, inflammation, and disease.