Fagocitózisban

Fagocitózisban is the Hungarian term for phagocytosis. Phagocytosis is a cellular process by which certain cells, known as phagocytes, engulf and internalize foreign particles, pathogens, or cellular debris. This process is a crucial component of the innate immune system in multicellular organisms, playing a vital role in defense against infection and in tissue homeostasis.

The process begins with the recognition of the target particle by receptors on the surface of the phagocyte. Upon binding, the cell membrane extends and surrounds the particle, forming a vesicle called a phagosome. This phagosome then fuses with lysosomes, which contain digestive enzymes and reactive oxygen species. The combined structure, the phagolysosome, breaks down the ingested material.

Phagocytes, such as macrophages and neutrophils, are specialized for this function. They are found in various tissues and circulate in the bloodstream and lymphatic system. Phagocytosis is essential for removing bacteria, viruses, and dead or dying host cells. It also contributes to the presentation of antigens to other immune cells, bridging innate and adaptive immunity. Dysregulation of phagocytosis can lead to increased susceptibility to infections or the development of autoimmune diseases.