Extrapiramidális
Extrapiramidális refers to structures and pathways in the brain that are outside the direct pyramidal tract. This tract, originating in the cerebral cortex, is primarily responsible for voluntary motor control. The extrapiramidal system, in contrast, is involved in regulating involuntary movements, muscle tone, posture, and reflexes. It's a complex network of nuclei and pathways, including the basal ganglia, substantia nigra, red nucleus, and brainstem nuclei.
Dysfunction within the extrapiramidal system can lead to a variety of movement disorders. These include conditions
Medications, particularly certain antipsychotics and antiemetics, can sometimes induce extrapiramidal side effects. These can manifest as