Ethyleenoxide

Ethylene oxide, sometimes spelled ethyleenoxide in some languages, is a simple epoxide with the chemical formula C2H4O. It is a colorless, highly reactive gas at room temperature that serves as a gatekeeper chemical in many industrial syntheses. Industrial production typically involves the catalytic oxidation of ethylene with oxygen over a silver catalyst, in gas-phase processes, to give ethylene oxide which is then quarantined and routed to downstream facilities.

The primary use of ethylene oxide is as a chemical intermediate. It reacts with water to form ethylene glycols, most notably ethylene glycol, and can be further converted to diethylene glycol and triethylene glycol. It is also a key starting material for the production of nonionic surfactants through ethoxylation, yielding a wide range of detergents, cleaners, and personal-care products. In addition, ethylene oxide serves as a precursor in the manufacture of solvents, plastics, resins, and various specialty chemicals. The gas is also employed as a sterilant for heat-sensitive medical devices, pharmaceuticals, and certain food items, where its efficacy at moderate temperatures is valuable.

Safety and regulation are central to ethylene oxide handling. It is flammable and, under certain conditions, can form explosive mixtures. It is classified as a carcinogen and a general toxicant, with regulatory limits on occupational exposure and strict controls on emissions and process containment. Industrial use emphasizes closed systems, gas handling precautions, and monitoring to protect workers and the environment.