Escápuloumeral

Escápuloumeral refers to the scapulohumeral joint, also known as the glenohumeral joint or the shoulder joint. It is a ball-and-socket synovial joint formed by the articulation of the head of the humerus (the upper arm bone) and the glenoid cavity of the scapula (the shoulder blade). This joint is crucial for a wide range of arm movements, including flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, rotation, and circumduction. Its extensive range of motion is due to the shallow nature of the glenoid cavity relative to the humeral head, which is deepened slightly by the glenoid labrum, a ring of fibrocartilage. The stability of the scapulohumeral joint is primarily maintained by the rotator cuff muscles, a group of four muscles and their tendons that surround the joint, as well as ligaments and the joint capsule. Injuries to this joint, such as dislocations or rotator cuff tears, are common due to its inherent laxity and the repetitive stresses placed upon it during activities. Rehabilitation after injury often focuses on restoring strength, flexibility, and proprioception to the surrounding musculature to regain functional mobility and prevent recurrence.