ErbBperheen

The ErbB family, also known as the human epidermal growth factor receptor (HER) family, is a group of four receptor tyrosine kinases that play crucial roles in cell growth, proliferation, differentiation, and survival. These receptors are transmembrane proteins, meaning they span across the cell membrane. The family consists of four members: ErbB1 (EGFR), ErbB2 (HER2), ErbB3 (HER3), and ErbB4 (HER4).

Upon binding to their respective ligands, these receptors dimerize, either with themselves (homodimerization) or with other members of the ErbB family (heterodimerization). This dimerization activates the intracellular tyrosine kinase domain, leading to autophosphorylation and the recruitment of various signaling molecules. These signaling cascades, such as the Ras/MAPK and PI3K/Akt pathways, ultimately regulate gene expression and cellular functions.

Dysregulation of ErbB signaling is implicated in various diseases, most notably cancer. For instance, overexpression or amplification of ErbB2 (HER2) is a common feature in certain breast cancers and is associated with a more aggressive disease. Mutations in EGFR are frequently found in non-small cell lung cancer. Consequently, ErbB receptors have become important therapeutic targets, with drugs designed to inhibit their activity or block their signaling pathways showing significant clinical benefits in treating various cancers. Understanding the intricate signaling networks of the ErbB family is vital for developing effective cancer therapies and for comprehending normal cellular processes.