Epifüüsplaadid

Epifüüsplaadid, also known as growth plates or physes, are hyaline cartilage areas in the long bones of children and adolescents. These plates are crucial for longitudinal bone growth. They are located near the ends of long bones, between the epiphysis (the expanded end of the bone) and the diaphysis (the shaft of the bone). Within the epiphyseal plate, chondrocytes (cartilage cells) undergo proliferation, hypertrophy, and eventually are replaced by bone through endochondral ossification. This process allows the bone to lengthen.

The activity of epiphyseal plates is regulated by hormones, particularly growth hormone and sex hormones. During puberty, sex hormones initially stimulate growth but then lead to the eventual fusion of the epiphyseal plates. Once fused, longitudinal bone growth ceases.

Injuries to epiphyseal plates, known as physeal fractures or Salter-Harris fractures, can disrupt bone growth. The severity and location of the fracture determine the potential for growth disturbance. These injuries are more common in children due to the relative weakness of the cartilage compared to the surrounding bone. Symptoms can include pain, swelling, and limited movement. Diagnosis is typically made through X-rays, and treatment depends on the fracture type and severity, aiming to prevent long-term deformity or growth arrest.